ESL Bible Study places the primary emphasis on studying Scripture, with language simplified so English learners can understand Biblical texts, themes, and theology; for example, a short passage from the Gospels adapted with controlled vocabulary and comprehension questions that support understanding of the message.

In contrast, Bible-based ESL focuses primarily on teaching English, using Bible stories, values, or concepts as the content through which language skills are practiced—for instance, using the story of the Good Samaritan to teach past tense verbs, sequencing, and discussion skills.

In both approaches, materials should be carefully selected to be level-appropriate in vocabulary, concepts, and activities, ensuring learners are neither overwhelmed nor underchallenged. Lessons should also be relevant to students’ lives, as students learn better when content connects to their real-world experiences, such as family, work, or community. All materials should be reviewed prior to each lesson to confirm they meet instructional goals, learner needs, culturally appropriate and theologically sound. Scripture passages should always be available in the students’ heart languages to support comprehension and respect linguistic and cultural backgrounds. Effective Bible-based ESL instruction also incorporates clear language objectives, varied activities (listening, speaking, reading, and writing), and opportunities for interaction, helping students grow in English proficiency while engaging thoughtfully with Biblical content. 

Lessons should always be presented in a respectful and transparent manner, recognizing that students often come from diverse religious, cultural, and personal backgrounds and may hold differing beliefs or opinions. Ministries should be clear and upfront about the use of the Bible in ESL instruction so that students know what to expect; ESL classes should never function as a “bait and switch,” where learners enroll expecting language instruction and are instead surprised by a Bible study. Clarity and honesty build trust, while a lack of transparency can undermine both the learning environment and the Christian witness of the ministry.